I - V & P - V Characteristics Curve | Solar PV Modeling | MATLAB Simulation Solar Cell I-V Characteristic Curves show the current and voltage ( I-V ) characteristics of a particular photovoltaic ( PV ) cell, module or array giving a detailed description of its solar energy conversion ability and efficiency. Knowing the electrical I-V characteristics (more importantly Pmax) of a solar cell, or panel is critical in determining the device’s output performance and solar efficiency.